新华社香港8月12日电
题：卡塔尔世界杯倒计时100天，足坛冬季盛宴更近了新华社记者韦骅、岳冉冉随着国际足联宣布2022年卡塔尔世界杯由11月21日改为11月20日开赛，这项国际足坛盛事在12日提前一天迎来了倒计时100天的特殊时刻。这意味着一个燃情似火的冬天，距离球迷更近了。
世界杯球场的最后一块拼图本届世界杯将于11月20日至12月18日进行，除了大量的基建设施，还有8座翻新或新建的球场静候世界杯32强的集结，其中由中国铁建国际集团有限公司承建的卢塞尔体育场将为卡塔尔的世界杯场馆群揭开最后的面纱。
WASHINGTON -- With the growing popularity of disposable e-cigarettes, communities across the U.S. are confronting a new vaping problem: how to safely get rid of millions of small, battery-powered devices that are considered hazardous waste.For years, the debate surrounding vaping largely centered on its risks for high school and middle school students enticed by flavors like gummy bear, lemonade and watermelon.But the recent shift toward e-cigarettes that can’t be refilled has created a new environmental dilemma. The devices, which contain nicotine, lithium and other metals, cannot be reused or recycled. Under federal environmental law, they also aren’t supposed to go in the trash.U.S. teens and adults are buying roughly 12 million disposable vapes per month. With little federal guidance, local officials are finding their own ways to dispose of e-cigarettes collected from schools, colleges, vape shops and other sites.“We are in a really weird regulatory place where there is no legal place to put these and yet we know, every year, tens of millions of disposables are thrown in the trash,” said Yogi Hale Hendlin, a health and environmental researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.In late August, sanitation workers in Monroe County, New York, packed more than 5,500 brightly colored e-cigarettes into 55-gallon steel drums for transport. Their destination? A giant, industrial waste incinerator in northern Arkansas, where they would be melted down.Sending 350 pounds of vapes across the country to be burned into ash may not sound environmentally friendly. But local officials say it’s the only way to keep the nicotine-filled devices out of sewers, waterways and landfills, where their lithium batteries can catch fire.“These are very insidious devices,” said Michael Garland, who directs the county’s environmental services. “They’re a fire risk and they’re certainly an environmental contaminant if not managed properly.”Elsewhere, the disposal process has become both costly and complicated. In New York City, for example, officials are seizing hundreds of thousands of banned vapes from local stores and spending about 85 cents each for disposal.HAZARDOUS WASTEVaping critics say the industry has skirted responsibility for the environmental impact of its products, while federal regulators have failed to force changes that could make vaping components easier to recycle or less wasteful.Among the possible changes: standards requiring that e-cigarettes be reusable or forcing manufacturers to fund collection and recycling programs. New York, California and several other states have so-called extended product responsibility laws for computers and other electronics. But those laws don't cover vaping products and there are no comparable federal requirements for any industry.Environmental Protection Agency rules for hazardous waste don’t apply to households, meaning it's legal for someone to throw e-cigarettes in the garbage at home. But most businesses, schools and government facilities are subject to EPA standards in how they handle harmful chemicals like nicotine, which the EPA considers an “acute hazardous waste," because it can be poisonous at high levels.In the U.S., the push to manage disposable e-cigarettes has chiefly come from schools, which can face stricter regulation if they generate more than a few pounds of hazardous waste per month. Monroe County schools pay $60 to dispose of each one-gallon container of vapes. More than two thirds of the e-cigarettes collected by the county come from schools.“Our schools were very relieved because they had confiscated so much of this material,” Garland said. “If you think of all the high schools across the country, they are in a very difficult place right now.”Lithium in e-cigarette batteries is the same highly sought metal used to power electric vehicles and cellphones. But the quantities used in vaping devices are too small to warrant salvage. And nearly all disposable e-cigarette batteries are soldered into the device, making it impractical to separate them for recycling.Disposable e-cigarettes currently account for about 53% of the multi-billion U.S. vaping market, according to U.S. government figures, more than doubling since 2020.Their rise is a study in unintended consequences.In early 2020, the Food and Drug Administration banned nearly all flavors from reusable e-cigarettes like Juul, the cartridge-based device blamed for sparking a nationwide surge in underage vaping. But the policy didn't apply to disposables, opening the door to thousands of new varieties of fruit and candy-flavored vapes, almost all manufactured in China.In recent months the FDA has begun trying to block imports of several leading disposable brands, including Elf Bar and Esco Bar. Regulators consider them all illegal, but they have been unable to stop their entry to the U.S. and the devices are now ubiquitous in convenience stores, gas stations and other shops. FDA’s tobacco chief, Brian King, said in a statement that his agency “will continue to carefully consider the potential environmental impacts” of vaping products.THE COST OF CONFISCATING DISPOSABLE E-CIGARETTESIn 2020, New York City outlawed the vast majority of e-cigarette types, banning flavors that can appeal to youngsters.City employees conduct thousands of inspections annually, and last year issued more than 2,400 citations to corner stores and bodegas selling illegal flavored products. Adding to the challenge are THC vapes sold at hundreds of unlicensed marijuana shops, a separate but related problem that has mushroomed since New York's legalization of recreational pot.Since last November, officials have seized more than 449,000 vape units, according to city figures. New York City is spending about $1,400 to destroy each container of 1,200 confiscated vapes, but many more remain in city storage lockers. “I don’t think anyone ever considered the volume of these in our community,” said New York Sheriff Anthony Miranda, who leads a task force on the issue. “There’s a tremendous amount of resources going into this effort.” A recent lawsuit against four large vaping distributors aims to recoup some of the city's costs. For now, New Yorkers who vape can bring their used e-cigarettes to city-sponsored waste-collection events.Ultimately those vapes meet a familiar fate: They are shipped to Gum Springs, Arkansas, to be incinerated by Veolia, an international waste management firm. The company has incinerated more than 1.6 million pounds of vaping waste in recent years, mostly unsold inventory or discontinued products.Veolia executives say burning e-cigarettes' lithium batteries can damage their incinerators.“Ideally we don’t want to incinerate them because it has to be done very, very slowly. But if have to, we will,” said Bob Cappadona, who leads the company’s environmental services division.Veolia also handles e-cigarettes from Boulder County, Colorado, one of the only U.S. jurisdictions that actively tries to recycle e-cigarette batteries and components.Historically, Boulder has had one of the highest teen vaping rates in the country, peaking at nearly 33% in 2017. “It was like someone flicked the switch. Suddenly e-cigarettes were everywhere,” said Daniel Ryan, principal of Centaurus High School. Beginning in 2019, county officials began distributing bins to schools for confiscated or discarded e-cigarettes. Last year, they collected 3,500. County staffers sort the devices by type, separating those with removable batteries for recycling. Disposables are packed and shipped to Veolia's incinerator. Shelly Fuller, who directs the program, says managing vape waste has gotten more costly and labor intensive with the shift to disposables.“I kind of miss the days when we had Juuls and I could take each battery out and recycle them very easily,” Fuller said. “No one has time to dismantle a thousand Esco Bars.”___AP video journalist Joseph Frederick contributed to this story from New York___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。卢塞尔体育场设计灵感来自卡塔尔传统灯笼光影交错的典型图案，是8座球场中唯一尚未正式上线的。
二 | 9月9日，卢塞尔超级杯的打响将宣告这座球场正式亮相。12月18日，在8万名球迷的见证下，卡塔尔世界杯的冠军将在这里诞生。卡塔尔世界杯组委会秘书长哈桑·阿勒萨瓦迪表示：“卢塞尔体育场的揭幕，将是我们在世界杯正式开赛前的最后一个里程碑。这座壮观的球场将成为本届世界杯的核心，当它举办世界杯决赛时，必将成为举世瞩目的焦点。我为卢塞尔体育场能够在赛事期间发挥重要作用感到自豪。
三 | ”球队与球员，一切为了世界杯由于世界杯首次在北半球冬季举办，原本国际足坛的赛事体系面临调整。
四 | 为了给世界杯让路，欧洲五大联赛新赛季均提早打响，欧冠联赛小组赛甚至在11月初全部结束，加上本次世界杯赛程紧凑，对于球员的体能储备是个考验。英超利物浦队将有多名球员在世界杯期间被征召，球队主教练克洛普就公开在媒体前表达了对球员短期内踢过多比赛的担忧。如何在本届世界杯中拿出最佳状态，也成了众多明星球员新赛季规划的头等大事。荷兰中场名将维纳尔杜姆降薪转会意甲罗马队、威尔士球星贝尔远走美国职业足球大联盟和洛杉矶FC签约一年，只为获得更多的出场时间；法国明星中场博格巴推迟手术采取保守治疗，只为不错过世界杯……东道主卡塔尔除了在承办方面花费了心思，为了取得一个体面的成绩，卡塔尔队在备战上也下足了功夫。自获得承办权以来，卡塔尔队为了多练兵，“客串”参加了世界杯欧洲区预选赛、北中美及加勒比地区金杯赛等多个赛事。近期，他们又与拉齐奥等多支欧洲知名俱乐部球队热身，当世界杯20年后再临亚洲，卡塔尔队的雄心可见一斑。世界杯，中国元素不缺席虽然中国男足再一次无缘世界杯，但在世界杯赛场上并不缺乏中国元素。2018年俄罗斯世界杯上，一众中国企业的亮相堪称场边靓丽的风景。4年之后，包括蒙牛、海信等多个中国企业将再一次亮相世界杯。为了迎接倒计时100天，卡塔尔世界杯官方赞助商蒙牛在线上推出了一个纪念宣传片。
五 | 蒙牛相关负责人表示，本次世界杯蒙牛的宣传主题是鼓励人们享受更多的健康和快乐。另一家世界杯官方赞助商海信告诉记者，海信将为全球消费者和球迷打造身临其境的观赛体验。
六 | 一方面，将继续与国际足联在扩展内容层面的深度合作；另一方面，在卡塔尔当地的多个国际足联官方球迷广场搭建体验区，并通过科技、趣味互动，与全球球迷共享世界杯盛宴。除了中国企业和国际足联合作外，在卡塔尔世界杯裁判员名单中，中国裁判马宁作为主裁判，曹奕、施翔作为助理裁判入选，有望组成裁判组亮相世界杯赛场。三人在接受采访时表示，这是整个中国足球裁判界多年努力的成果，会继续保持专注，争取以最佳面貌出现在世界杯赛场上。
七 |
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